In 2022, countries adopted new global biodiversity targets under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), revisiting many goals that had gone unachieved or underachieved over the past decade. The global biodiversity finance gap has now expanded to an estimated US$598 billion to US$824 billion per year, while total spending by all countries remains substantially lower at approximately US$121 billion annually. Around 80 percent of all biodiversity funding currently originates from public budgets, underscoring the critical role that domestic public financing will need to play in achieving the GBF targets.
Results-based budgeting (RBB) offers a strategic approach that aligns funding with specific, measurable outcomes, ensuring resources are used effectively and efficiently to achieve concrete conservation results. This approach fosters accountability and enhances performance, ultimately contributing to better protection and restoration of biodiversity. While biodiversity is not an isolated economic sector, it is a global development priority that requires coordinated action across multiple sectors within countries, including agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and forestry.
